Latitude
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The latitude of the Earth gives the distance north and south of the equator.[1] It is measured in degrees. Latitude is represented by the Greek letter phi, [math]\displaystyle{ \phi\,\! }[/math]. It is usually used along with a measurement of longitude in order to pinpoint a location on Earth.
The equator is numbered 0 degrees. Everything north or south of the equator is designated either as north latitude or south latitude.[2] The Antarctic Circle, Tropic of Capricorn, Tropic of Cancer, and Arctic Circle are all circles of latitude.