随机算法 (Fall 2015) and 组合数学 (Fall 2015)/Problem Set 2: Difference between pages

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{{Infobox
== Problem 1==
|name        = Infobox
假设我们班上有n+2个人,其中两个人是DNA完全相同的双胞胎。我们收上n+2份作业后,将这些作业打乱后发回给全班同学,每人一份。要求每个人不可以收到自己那一份作业或者与自己DNA相同的人的作业。令<math>T_n</math>表示满足这个要求的发回作业的方式,问:
|bodystyle    =  
* 计算<math>T_n</math>是多少;
|title        = <font size=3>随机算法
* 在<math>n\to\infty</math>时,随机重排并发回作业后,满足上述要求的概率是多少。
<br>Randomized Algorithms</font>
|titlestyle  =


|image        =  
==Problem 4==
|imagestyle  =  
Let <math>\pi</math> be a permutation of <math>[n]</math>.
|caption      =
Recall that a cycle of permutation <math>\pi</math> of length <math>k</math> is a tuple <math>(a_1,a_2,\ldots,a_k)</math> such that <math>a_2=\pi(a_1), a_3=\pi(a_2),\ldots,a_k=\pi(a_{k-1})</math> and <math>a_1=\pi(a_k)\,</math>. Thus a fixed point of <math>\pi</math> is just a cycle of length 1.
|captionstyle =
* Fix <math>k\ge 1</math>. Let <math>f_k(n)</math> be the number of permutations of <math>[n]</math> having no cycle of length <math>k</math>. Compute this <math>f_k(n)</math> and the limit <math>\lim_{n\rightarrow\infty}\frac{f_k(n)}{n!}</math>.
|headerstyle  = background:#ccf;
|labelstyle  = background:#ddf;
|datastyle    =
 
|header1 =Instructor
|label1  =
|data1  =
|header2 =
|label2  =
|data2  = 尹一通
|header3 =
|label3  = Email
|data3  = yitong.yin@gmail.com  yinyt@nju.edu.cn 
|header4 =
|label4= office
|data4= 计算机系 804
|header5 = Class
|label5  =
|data5  =
|header6 =
|label6  = Class meetings
|data6  = Friday, 4pm-6pm <br> 仙I-206
|header7 =
|label7  = Place
|data7  =
|header8 =
|label8  = Office hours
|data8  = Tuesday, 2-4pm <br>计算机系 804
|header9 = Textbooks
|label9  =
|data9  =
|header10 =
|label10  =
|data10  = [[File:MR-randomized-algorithms.png|border|100px]]
|header11 =
|label11  =
|data11  = Motwani and Raghavan. <br>''Randomized Algorithms''.<br> Cambridge Univ Press, 1995.
|header12 =
|label12  =
|data12  = [[File:Probability_and_Computing.png|border|100px]]
|header13 =
|label13  =
|data13  =  Mitzenmacher and Upfal. <br>''Probability and Computing: Randomized Algorithms and Probabilistic Analysis''. <br> Cambridge Univ Press, 2005.
|belowstyle = background:#ddf;
|below =
}}
 
This is the page for the class ''Randomized Algorithms'' for the Fall 2015 semester. Students who take this class should check this page periodically for content updates and new announcements.
 
= Announcement =
*(2015/9/6) 第一次课程slides已上传。
*(2015/9/22) Balls into bins 部分的slides已上传。
*(2015/9/25) 第一次作业已发布,10月9日上课收。
*(2015/10/29) 在蔡沛程同学的神勇帮助下,我们的课程网站服务器终于重新上线了!
*(2015/10/29) 10月30日周五的课,由于校运动会本科生和研究生课程都要停课,故再停课一次 -_-|||
*(2015/11/13) <font color=red size=4>讲义中关于随机图阈值现象的部分已经补齐。</font>
*(2015/11/13) <font color=red size=4>第二次作业已发布,11月27日上课收。</font>
 
= Course info =
* '''Instructor ''': 尹一通,
:*email: yitong.yin@gmail.com, yinyt@nju.edu.cn
:*office: 计算机系 804.
* '''Class meeting''': Friday 4pm-6pm, 仙I-206.
* '''Office hour''': Tuesday 2-4pm, 计算机系 804.
 
= Syllabus =
 
=== 先修课程 Prerequisites ===
* 必须:离散数学,概率论,线性代数。
* 推荐:算法设计与分析。
 
=== Course materials ===
* [[随机算法 (Spring 2014)/Course materials|<font size=3>教材和参考书</font>]]
 
=== 成绩 Grades ===
* 课程成绩:本课程将会有若干次作业和一次期末考试。最终成绩将由平时作业成绩和期末考试成绩综合得出。
* 迟交:如果有特殊的理由,无法按时完成作业,请提前联系授课老师,给出正当理由。否则迟交的作业将不被接受。
 
=== <font color=red> 学术诚信 Academic Integrity </font>===
学术诚信是所有从事学术活动的学生和学者最基本的职业道德底线,本课程将不遗余力的维护学术诚信规范,违反这一底线的行为将不会被容忍。
 
作业完成的原则:署你名字的工作必须由你完成。允许讨论,但作业必须独立完成,并在作业中列出所有参与讨论的人。不允许其他任何形式的合作——尤其是与已经完成作业的同学“讨论”。
 
本课程将对剽窃行为采取零容忍的态度。在完成作业过程中,对他人工作(出版物、互联网资料、其他人的作业等)直接的文本抄袭和对关键思想、关键元素的抄袭,按照 [http://www.acm.org/publications/policies/plagiarism_policy ACM Policy on Plagiarism]的解释,都将视为剽窃。剽窃者成绩将被取消。如果发现互相抄袭行为,<font color=red> 抄袭和被抄袭双方的成绩都将被取消</font>。因此请主动防止自己的作业被他人抄袭。
 
学术诚信影响学生个人的品行,也关乎整个教育系统的正常运转。为了一点分数而做出学术不端的行为,不仅使自己沦为一个欺骗者,也使他人的诚实努力失去意义。让我们一起努力维护一个诚信的环境。
 
= Assignments =
*[[随机算法 (Fall 2015)/Problem Set 1|Problem Set 1]], due on Oct 9, Friday, in class.
*[[随机算法 (Fall 2015)/Problem Set 2|Problem Set 2]], due on Nov 27, Friday, in class.
 
= Lecture Notes =
# [[随机算法 (Fall 2015)/Identity Testing|Identity Testing]]: checking matrix multiplication, polynomial identity testing, communication complexity    | ([ftp://tcs.nju.edu.cn/slides/random2015/IdentityTesting.pdf slides])
# [[随机算法 (Fall 2015)/Fingerprinting|Fingerprinting]]: fingerprinting, the Karp-Rabin algorithm for pattern matching, primality testing    | ([ftp://tcs.nju.edu.cn/slides/random2015/Fingerprinting.pdf slides])
# [[随机算法 (Fall 2015)/Balls and Bins|Balls and Bins]]: balls into bins model, birthday problem, perfect hashing, coupon collector problem, stable matching, occupancy problem  | ([ftp://tcs.nju.edu.cn/slides/random2015/BallsNBins.pdf slides])
# [[随机算法 (Fall 2015)/Min-cut|Min-cut]]: Karger's Min-cut algorithm    | ([ftp://tcs.nju.edu.cn/slides/random2015/Min-Cut.pdf slides])
# [[随机算法 (Fall 2015)/Moment and Deviation|Moment and Deviation]]: Markov's inequality, Chebyshev's inequality, median selection, random graphs, threshold phenomenon    | ([ftp://tcs.nju.edu.cn/slides/random2015/Moments.pdf slides])
# [[随机算法 (Fall 2015)/Universal Hashing|Universal Hashing]]: <math>k</math>-wise independence, universal hash families, perfect hashing    | ([ftp://tcs.nju.edu.cn/slides/random2015/UniversalHashing.pdf slides])
# [[随机算法 (Fall 2015)/Randomized rounding|Randomized rounding]]: max-SAT, LP relaxation, randomized rounding    | ([ftp://tcs.nju.edu.cn/slides/random2015/RandomRounding.pdf slides])
# [[随机算法 (Fall 2015)/Lovász Local Lemma|Lovász Local Lemma]]:
 
= The Probability Theory Toolkit =
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Probability_space Probability space] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Probability_axioms probability axioms]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independence_(probability_theory)#Independent_events Independent events]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conditional_probability Conditional probability]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random_variable Random variable] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expected_value expectation]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expected_value#Linearity Linearity of expectation]
* The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_of_total_probability law of total probability] and the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_of_total_expectation law of total expectation]
* The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boole's_inequality union bound]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernoulli_trial Bernoulli trials]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometric_distribution Geometric distribution]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binomial_distribution Binomial distribution]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Markov's_inequality Markov's inequality]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variance Variance] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Covariance covariance]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pairwise_independence k-wise independence]
* The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Probabilistic_method  probabilistic method]

Revision as of 09:29, 2 November 2015

Problem 1

假设我们班上有n+2个人,其中两个人是DNA完全相同的双胞胎。我们收上n+2份作业后,将这些作业打乱后发回给全班同学,每人一份。要求每个人不可以收到自己那一份作业或者与自己DNA相同的人的作业。令[math]\displaystyle{ T_n }[/math]表示满足这个要求的发回作业的方式,问:

  • 计算[math]\displaystyle{ T_n }[/math]是多少;
  • [math]\displaystyle{ n\to\infty }[/math]时,随机重排并发回作业后,满足上述要求的概率是多少。

Problem 4

Let [math]\displaystyle{ \pi }[/math] be a permutation of [math]\displaystyle{ [n] }[/math]. Recall that a cycle of permutation [math]\displaystyle{ \pi }[/math] of length [math]\displaystyle{ k }[/math] is a tuple [math]\displaystyle{ (a_1,a_2,\ldots,a_k) }[/math] such that [math]\displaystyle{ a_2=\pi(a_1), a_3=\pi(a_2),\ldots,a_k=\pi(a_{k-1}) }[/math] and [math]\displaystyle{ a_1=\pi(a_k)\, }[/math]. Thus a fixed point of [math]\displaystyle{ \pi }[/math] is just a cycle of length 1.

  • Fix [math]\displaystyle{ k\ge 1 }[/math]. Let [math]\displaystyle{ f_k(n) }[/math] be the number of permutations of [math]\displaystyle{ [n] }[/math] having no cycle of length [math]\displaystyle{ k }[/math]. Compute this [math]\displaystyle{ f_k(n) }[/math] and the limit [math]\displaystyle{ \lim_{n\rightarrow\infty}\frac{f_k(n)}{n!} }[/math].