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...题目中 complete 一词改为 hard。本题需要证明任何一个非空也非<math>\{0,1\}^*</math>的语言在 polynomial-time Karp reduction 下<font color=red><strong>都</strong></font>是 NL-hard，也就是证明<ma ...

...d in [[Physics]] that says that the amount of something does not change in time. That thing could be as simple as [[mass]] or [[charge]], or something that For a long time, people thought that these laws were true for the amount of mass and [[ener ...

...[[Geiger-Muller detector]] can be used to measure the half-life; it is the time when the activity is half of the original. ...gain, it will be seen that the atom decays within the half life 50% of the time. ...

# Give a poly-time greedy algorithm for finding the weighted max <math>k</math>-cut. Prove tha ::Fill in the blank parenthesis. Give an analysis of the running time of the algorithm. And prove that the approximation ratio is 0.5. ...

...})</math>. The naive algorithm will take asymptotically the same amount of time. ...andomized algorithm, due to Freivalds, running in only <math>O(n^2)</math> time: ...

The accelerating electric field reverses just at the time the electrons finish their half circle, so that it accelerates them across ...n a circular path under the influence of a constant magnetic field. If the time to complete one orbit is calculated: ...

...f [[control theory]] to represent a signal that switches on at a specified time and stays switched on indefinitely. It was named after the [[England|Englis The discrete-time unit impulse is the first difference of the discrete-time step ...

*"t" is [[time]]. *"n(t)" is the rate of earthquakes in a time after the main shock ...

...e change of velocity [[Division (mathematics)|divide]]d by the change of [[time]]. Acceleration is a [[vector]], and therefore includes both a [[size]] and :<math>t_0</math> is the time at the start ...

...math>Y_t</math> denote the sum of the degrees of all the white vertices at time <math>t</math>. Show that <math>Y_t</math> is a martingale with respect to * Design an efficient, time reversible, ergodic random walk on <math>G</math> whose stationary distribu ...

...ks an action <math>A_t</math> based on a policy <math>\pi</math>. The next time step, the agent receives a reward signal <math>R_{t+1}</math> and a new obs ...

...is used most of the time, for most of the things we can see. Some of the time, for example when the things are too small, classical mechanics is not good #::t is time - how long the object was accelerated for. ...

...ath>q</math> be some nonnegative reals with <math>p+q\le 1</math>. At each time step, exactly one of the following occurs. ...stationary distribution is <math>\pi</math>. Prove that the random walk is time-reversible, irreducible, aperiodic, and has stationary distribution <math>\ ...

...on which tells how the concentration of reagents and products changes with time is found. So, a plot of <math>\ln{[A]}</math> against time ''t'' gives a straight line with a slope of <math>-k</math>. ...

...ick lift requires more power. This means the work can be done in a shorter time if there is more power available. :''t'' is [[time]]. ...

In this lecture, we are focused on the '''time complexity''', although there are other complexity measures in various comp ...the (worst-case) time complexity of <math>A</math> is the maximum running time over all inputs <math>x</math> of length <math>n</math>. ...

...scharge describes how much [[water]] flows through, in a certain amount of time. The amount is usually expressed in <math>\frac{m^3}{s}</math> ([[cubic met ...

|+ Table 1: ''Time taken (in seconds) to answer a simple math question'' ...the largest was 34 seconds. One method we could use to analyze the needed time is to group close numbers together. In order to keep the analysis fair, we' ...

*'''Time''': every Thursday, 6:30pm. ...; potential analysis; <br>Knapsack; dynamic programming; pseudo-polynomial time; scale and round; FPTAS.||Chap. 2.6, 3.1 of<br>Williamson-Shmoys. ...

...[convection]]. Usually more than one of these processes happen at the same time. ...conduction''', also known as '''Fourier's law''', means that the rate, in time, of heat transfer through a material is [[Proportionality|proportional]] to ...