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...' be any [[natural number]]. Wilson's theorem says that ''n'' is a [[prime number]] if and only if: ...uation is correct. Also, if the equation is correct, then ''n'' is a prime number. The equation says that the [[factorial]] of ''(n - 1)'' is one less than a ...

...bout the properties of [[Prime number|prime]]s. It says that if ''a'' is a number, and ''p'' is a prime, then [[Category:Number theory]] ...

In [[number theory]] a '''Carmichael number''' is a [[composite number|composite]] positive [[integer]] <math>n</math>, which satisfies the [[cong ...are composite numbers that behave a little bit like they would be a prime number. ...

...]], the '''totient''' of a [[positive number|positive]] [[integer]] is the number of integers smaller than ''n'' which are [[coprime]] to ''n'' (they share n ...}/n\mathbb{Z}</math>. This fact, together with [[Lagrange's theorem (group theory)|Lagrange's theorem]], provides a proof for [[Euler's theorem]]. ...

...''x''. It is written as <math>\pi(x)</math>, but it is not related to the number [[Pi (mathematical constant)|π]]. [[Category:Number theory]] ...

A [[real number|real]] or [[complex number]] is called a '''transcendental number''' if it cannot be found as a result of an algebraic equation with [[intege ...ental can be very hard. Each transcendental number is also an [[irrational number]]. The first people to see that there were transcendental numbers were [[Go ...

...ber]]. [[Cryptography]] uses prime numbers, and needs to test if a certain number is prime. The official proof of a prime is through its primality certifica ...ve of Eratosthenes]]: Determine if there is a number (between 2 and n, the number to test) that divides n, without a rest ...

...) cardinality if they have the same number of elements. They have the same number of elements [[if and only if]] there is a [[1-to-1 correspondence]] between ...set is only one way of giving a number to the ''size'' of a set. [[Measure theory|Measure]] is different. ...

'''Cardinal numbers''' (or '''cardinals''') are [[number]]s that say ''how many'' of something there are, for example: one, two, thr ...''[[Set#Cardinality_of_a_set|cardinality]]''' of a [[set]] is the cardinal number that tells how many things are in the set. ...

...arithmetic]], a [[number]] g is a '''primitive root modulo n''', if every number m from 1..(n-1) can be expressed in the form of <math>g^x\equiv m \pmod n</ ..., 2, \ldots, 6</math> of the group modulo 7 can be expressed that way. The number 2 is no primitive root modulo 7, because ...

* 概率论（Probability Theory） # [[组合数学 (Spring 2014)/Pólya's theory of counting|Pólya's theory of counting]] ...

...ies. Later, in the early 90s, [[Ralph Greenberg]] has suggested an Iwasawa theory for [[motive (algebraic geometry)|motives]]. ...ete group of all <math> p</math>-power [[roots of unity]] in the [[complex number]]s. ...

* 概率论（Probability Theory） # [[组合数学 (Spring 2013)/Pólya's theory of counting|Pólya's theory of counting]] | [http://tcs.nju.edu.cn/slides/comb2013/comb6.pdf slides1] | ...

* 概率论（Probability Theory） # [[组合数学 (Spring 2015)/Pólya's theory of counting|Pólya's theory of counting | Pólya计数法]]（ [http://tcs.nju.edu.cn/slides/comb2015/PolyaTheor ...

In [[graph theory]] a '''graph''' is used to represent the connection between two [[set]]s. O ...t, where an edge that connects to the vertex at both ends (a [[loop (graph theory)|loop]]) is counted twice. ...

...ves.<ref>Negative numbers have a [[:wikt:minus|minus]] (−) in front of the number. Positive numbers have no sign or a [[:wikt:plus|plus]] (+) sign in front. ...rational number]] with no "fraction", or part. An integer is a [[decimal]] number with all zeros after the [[decimal separator]]. (For example, the integer 1 ...

...bottom of the time signature can be any exponent of 2. So, 64 could be a number that is put in the bottom of the time signature, but 65 could not be one.<r !Number on the bottom of the time signature ...

* 概率论（Probability Theory） # [[组合数学 (Fall 2017)/Pólya's theory of counting|Pólya's theory of counting | Pólya计数法]] （ [http://tcs.nju.edu.cn/slides/comb2017/Polya.pdf ...

* 概率论（Probability Theory） # [[组合数学 (Fall 2011)/Pólya's theory of counting|Pólya's theory of counting]] ...

...is a proper subset of the set of [[real number]]s or the set of [[positive number]]s. ...,1264} is its own subset, and it's a proper subset of the set of [[natural number]]s. ...