随机算法 \ 高级算法 (Fall 2016)/Problem Set 2

每道题目的解答都要有完整的解题过程。中英文不限。

Problem 1

Consider the following optimization problem.

Instance: [math]\displaystyle{ n }[/math] positive integers [math]\displaystyle{ x_1\lt x_2\lt \cdots \lt x_n }[/math].

Find two disjoint nonempty subsets [math]\displaystyle{ A,B\subset\{1,2,\ldots,n\} }[/math] with [math]\displaystyle{ \sum_{i\in A}x_i\ge \sum_{i\in B}x_i }[/math], such that the ratio [math]\displaystyle{ \frac{\sum_{i\in A}x_i}{\sum_{i\in B}x_i} }[/math] is minimized.

Give a pseudo-polynomial time algorithm for the problem, and then give an FPTAS for the problem based on the pseudo-polynomial time algorithm.

Problem 2

In the maximum directed cut (MAX-DICUT) problem, we are given as input a directed graph [math]\displaystyle{ G(V,E) }[/math]. The goal is to partition [math]\displaystyle{ V }[/math] into disjoint [math]\displaystyle{ S }[/math] and [math]\displaystyle{ T }[/math] so that the number of edges in [math]\displaystyle{ E(S,T)=\{(u,v)\in E\mid u\in S, v\in T\} }[/math] is maximized. The following is the integer program for MAX-DICUT:

[math]\displaystyle{ \begin{align} \text{maximize} &&& \sum_{(u,v)\in E}y_{u,v}\\ \text{subject to} && y_{u,v} &\le x_u, & \forall (u,v)&\in E,\\ && y_{u,v} &\le 1-x_v, & \forall (u,v)&\in E,\\ && x_v &\in\{0,1\}, & \forall v&\in V,\\ && y_{u,v} &\in\{0,1\}, & \forall (u,v)&\in E. \end{align} }[/math]

Let [math]\displaystyle{ x_v^*,y_{u,v} }[/math] denote the optimal solution to the LP-relaxation of the above integer program.

• Apply the randomized rounding such that for every [math]\displaystyle{ v\in V }[/math], [math]\displaystyle{ \hat{x}_v=1 }[/math] independently with probability [math]\displaystyle{ x_v^* }[/math]. Analyze the approximation ratio (between the expected size of the random cut and OPT).
• Apply another randomized rounding such that for every [math]\displaystyle{ v\in V }[/math], [math]\displaystyle{ \hat{x}_v=1 }[/math] independently with probability [math]\displaystyle{ 1/4+x_v^*/2 }[/math]. Analyze the approximation ratio for this algorithm.

Problem 3

Recall the MAX-SAT problem and its integer program.

[math]\displaystyle{ \begin{align} \text{maximize} &&& \sum_{j=1}^my_j\\ \text{subject to} &&& \sum_{i\in S_j^+}x_i+\sum_{i\in S_j^-}(1-x_i)\ge y_j, && 1\le j\le m,\\ &&& x_i\in\{0,1\}, && 1\le i\le n,\\ &&& y_j\in\{0,1\}, && 1\le j\le m. \end{align} }[/math]